Mrs Hooker of Rottingdean made, at the end of the last century, many experiments to establish a method of painting in wax, and received a gold palette from the Society of Arts for her investigations in this branch of art. Her account is printed in the tenth volume of the Society’s Transactions (1792), under the name of Miss Emma Jane Greenland. The following is an abstract of her processes:—
Put into a glazed earthen vessel four ounces and a half of gum arabic, and eight ounces or half a pint wine measure of cold spring water; when the gum is dissolved, stir in, over alow fire, seven ounces of gum mastic, continually stirring and heating hard with a spoon, in order to dissolve the gum mastic. When sufficiently boiled the mixture will no longer appear transparent, but will become opaque and stiff like a paste. As soon as this is the case, and the gum water and mastic are quite boiling, without taking them off the fire, add five ounces of white wax, broken into small pieces; stir and beat till the wax is perfectly melted and boils ; then take the composition off the fire, as boiling it longer than necessary would harden the wax, and prevent it afterwards from mixing well with water. When the composition is taken off the fire, it should be beaten well whilst hot (but not boiling) in the glazed earthen vessel; mix with it by degrees a pint or sixteen ounces more of cold spring water, then strain the composition, and bottle it. The composition if properly made should be like cream, and the colours when mixed with it as smooth as with oil. Mix with the composition on a china palette any powder colours which may be required to the consistency of oil colours; then paint with pure water. In painting with this composition the colours blend without difficulty when wet, and even when dry the tints may be easily united by means of a brush and a very small quantity of water. The painting being finished, heat some white wax in a glazed earthen vessel over a slow fire till melted, but not boiling; then with a hard brush cover the painting with the wax ; when cold take a moderately hot iron, such as is used for ironing linen, and which will not “hiss ” when put to the usual test, and draw it lightly over the wax. The painting will appear as if under a cloud, till the wax and the substance the picture is painted upon are perfectly cold ; but if then it should not appear sufficiently clear, the wax may he melted by holding a hot iron at a proper distance from it, especially before such portions of the picture as do not appear sufficiently transparent or brilliant; for the oftener heat is applied to the picture the greater will be the transparency and the brilliancy of the colouring ; but the contrary effect would he the result were the heat applied too sud-denly, in too great a degree, or for too long a time. When the picture is cold, rub it with a fine linen cloth. Plaster surfaces re-quire no other preparation than a coating of the composition.
It would be equally practicable to paint with wax alone, dissolved in gum water. Take three quarters of a pint of cold spring water, and four ounces and a half of gum arabic, put them into a glazed earthen vessel, and when the gum is dissolved, add eight ounces of white wax. Put the earthen vessel, with the gum water and wax, upon a slow fire, and stir them till the wax is dissolved, and when the mixture has boiled a few minutes, take it off the fire, and throw it into a basin, as by remaining in the hot earthen vessel the wax would become rather hard ; beat the gum water and wax till quite cold. It is necessary to use some pure water in mixing this compo-sition with the colours. If the ingredients should separate when bottled, they have only to he well shaken together. This composi-tion may be kept for a long time, and be rendered fit for use by putting a little cold water upon it for a short time.
The following is a recent receipt. Place in a large pipkin, half full of hot turpentine, as much gum dammar as will dissolve (| lb gum makes about 1J pints varnish) ; melt from two to two and a half of the wax tablets sold by chemists in a pint of this varnish; when cold the composition should just be consistent enough to stand up on the palette. If too thin, heat it again, and add wax ; if too thick add turpentine. This vehicle may be used with ordi-nary oil colours. Before commencing your work heat the wall, and rub in as much vehicle as it will absorb ; after the work is finished it should be re-heated, to secure its adhesion to the wall.
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